Questions marquées «z-test»

29
Comment gérer les données hiérarchiques / imbriquées dans l'apprentissage automatique

Je vais expliquer mon problème avec un exemple. Supposons que vous souhaitiez prédire le revenu d'un individu en fonction de certains attributs: {âge, sexe, pays, région, ville}. Vous avez un ensemble de données de formation comme ça train <- data.frame(CountryID=c(1,1,1,1, 2,2,2,2, 3,3,3,3),...

regression machine-learning multilevel-analysis correlation dataset spatial paired-comparisons cross-correlation clustering aic bic dependent-variable k-means mean standard-error measurement-error errors-in-variables regression multiple-regression pca linear-model dimensionality-reduction machine-learning neural-networks deep-learning conv-neural-network computer-vision clustering spss r weighted-data wilcoxon-signed-rank bayesian hierarchical-bayesian bugs stan distributions categorical-data variance ecology r survival regression r-squared descriptive-statistics cross-section maximum-likelihood factor-analysis likert r multiple-imputation propensity-scores distributions t-test logit probit z-test confidence-interval poisson-distribution deep-learning conv-neural-network residual-networks r survey wilcoxon-mann-whitney ranking kruskal-wallis bias loss-functions frequentist decision-theory risk machine-learning distributions normal-distribution multivariate-analysis inference dataset factor-analysis survey multilevel-analysis clinical-trials
15
La précision de la machine augmentant le gradient diminue à mesure que le nombre d'itérations augmente

J'expérimente l'algorithme de la machine de renforcement de gradient via le caretpackage en R. À l'aide d'un petit ensemble de données d'admission à l'université, j'ai exécuté le code suivant: library(caret) ### Load admissions dataset. ### mydata <-

machine-learning caret boosting gbm hypothesis-testing t-test panel-data psychometrics intraclass-correlation generalized-linear-model categorical-data binomial model intercept causality cross-correlation distributions ranks p-value z-test sign-test time-series references terminology cross-correlation definition probability distributions beta-distribution inverse-gamma missing-data paired-comparisons paired-data clustered-standard-errors cluster-sample time-series arima logistic binary-data odds-ratio medicine hypothesis-testing wilcoxon-mann-whitney unsupervised-learning hierarchical-clustering neural-networks train clustering k-means regression ordinal-data change-scores machine-learning experiment-design roc precision-recall auc stata multilevel-analysis regression fitting nonlinear jmp r data-visualization gam gamm4 r lme4-nlme many-categories regression causality instrumental-variables endogeneity controlling-for-a-variable
12
Comment effectuer l'imputation de valeurs dans un très grand nombre de points de données?

J'ai un très grand ensemble de données et il manque environ 5% de valeurs aléatoires. Ces variables sont corrélées entre elles. L'exemple de jeu de données R suivant n'est qu'un exemple de jouet avec des données corrélées factices. set.seed(123) # matrix of X variable xmat <- matrix(sample(-1:1,...

r random-forest missing-data data-imputation multiple-imputation large-data definition moving-window self-study categorical-data econometrics standard-error regression-coefficients normal-distribution pdf lognormal regression python scikit-learn interpolation r self-study poisson-distribution chi-squared matlab matrix r modeling multinomial mlogit choice monte-carlo indicator-function r aic garch likelihood r regression repeated-measures simulation multilevel-analysis chi-squared expected-value multinomial yates-correction classification regression self-study repeated-measures references residuals confidence-interval bootstrap normality-assumption resampling entropy cauchy clustering k-means r clustering categorical-data continuous-data r hypothesis-testing nonparametric probability bayesian pdf distributions exponential repeated-measures random-effects-model non-independent regression error regression-to-the-mean correlation group-differences post-hoc neural-networks r time-series t-test p-value normalization probability moments mgf time-series model seasonality r anova generalized-linear-model proportion percentage nonparametric ranks weighted-regression variogram classification neural-networks fuzzy variance dimensionality-reduction confidence-interval proportion z-test r self-study pdf
8
Comment effectuer une SVD pour imputer des valeurs manquantes, un exemple concret

J'ai lu les excellents commentaires sur la façon de traiter les valeurs manquantes avant d'appliquer SVD, mais j'aimerais savoir comment cela fonctionne avec un exemple simple: Movie1 Movie2 Movie3 User1 5 4 User2 2 5 5 User3 3 4 User4 1 5 User5 5 1 5 Étant donné la matrice ci-dessus, si je...

r missing-data data-imputation svd sampling matlab mcmc importance-sampling predictive-models prediction algorithms graphical-model graph-theory r regression regression-coefficients r-squared r regression modeling confounding residuals fitting glmm zero-inflation overdispersion optimization curve-fitting regression time-series order-statistics bayesian prior uninformative-prior probability discrete-data kolmogorov-smirnov r data-visualization histogram dimensionality-reduction classification clustering accuracy semi-supervised labeling state-space-models t-test biostatistics paired-comparisons paired-data bioinformatics regression logistic multiple-regression mixed-model random-effects-model neural-networks error-propagation numerical-integration time-series missing-data data-imputation probability self-study combinatorics survival cox-model statistical-significance wilcoxon-mann-whitney hypothesis-testing distributions normal-distribution variance t-distribution probability simulation random-walk diffusion hypothesis-testing z-test hypothesis-testing data-transformation lognormal r regression agreement-statistics classification svm mixed-model non-independent observational-study goodness-of-fit residuals confirmatory-factor neural-networks deep-learning