Quel est le meilleur moyen d'éviter les problèmes de daltonisme?

Environ 5 à 10% des hommes souffrent de daltonisme. Quelle est la meilleure façon de vous assurer que vous ne retirez pas 5 à 10% de votre population masculine de votre jeu?

Juste pour noter le daltonisme ne signifie pas que les gens voient en noir et blanc. Cela signifie généralement qu'ils voient moins de vert et deviennent facilement confus rouge / vert. Le daltonisme vient en degrés. Certaines formes sont douces, d'autres sont extrêmes.

Ne créez pas de fonctions critiques du jeu ou de gameplay à partir des couleurs qui pourraient confondre les joueurs.

Considérons un jeu comme Bejeweled. Disons qu'une personne daltonienne ne peut pas déterminer la différence entre les gemmes rouges ou vertes. Ils vont avoir beaucoup de mal à échanger des pierres précieuses s'ils ne peuvent pas déterminer quelle couleur est une pierre précieuse.

Vous pouvez résoudre un problème comme celui-ci en incluant un deuxième moyen de différencier les gemmes rouges et vertes. Un exemple serait de leur donner différentes formes , de sorte que chaque couleur ait sa propre forme.

Utilisez des éléments autres que les couleurs pour différents éléments de jeux clés.

Les motifs et les formes sont très utiles.

Ce site Web Vischeck fournit également de très bonnes informations et un ensemble de filtres Photoshop que vous pouvez utiliser pour vérifier votre assest.

The most basic answer is to use shapes, but that doesn't solve all the problems. What about colored text hovering over player's head to show their game name?

Here are all the fixes for colorblind issues I know of:

1. Use shapes instead of color
2. Use saturated colors (red and green are actually fine when saturated, but green and yellow never are)
3. Use Red/Blue instead of Red/Green (Counter-Strike used this Red for T and Blue for CT. This solves the problem for most people, but for less than 2% of people they have even more severe colorblind issues)
4. Use high contrast outlines around all important text (eg. Blue text with white outline stands out on anything)
5. For all important events in the game use a combination of color, shape, and sound.
6. Don't use thin colored shapes. The thicker the shape (eg. bigger text) the easier it is to tell colors
7. Allow end user to change all colors in game (the most important solution to them all)

This is an interesting topic, I often refer back to this page: http://wearecolorblind.com/articles/quick-tips/ and the resources linked above seem quite good too.

Some of the issues are not as severe as you might think: for example red and green gems in a matching game may be perfectly fine if one is brighter (usually that would be green).

I actually had the chance to test Audiosurf on a colourblind user for a class, and found there was only one issue. For those who don't know it, Audiosurf involves matching coloured blocks (red, yellow, green, blue and purple) in most modes, however the "mono" mode reduces them to coloured blocks that change colour and grey blocks. In mono mode the objective is to collect all the coloured blocks and avoid all grey ones, but at some points they looked identical to the colour blind user.

Audiosurf now includes the ability to change block colour settings. Valve games also often have a "colour blind" mode which may be worth looking at. So I'd say with so many colour blind people around, you may be able to find some test subjects of your own and check any gaps with the vischeck plugin linked above.

I'm mildly colour blind and always find that I get along best with games that use very contrasting colours. The best example I can think of is TF2 where everything was either red or blue with very little exceptions. You would have to be severely colour blind to have trouble with two very different colours like that.

My father has some mild color blindness, and my cousin has a severe red/green blindness (he see both as yellow... something that makes things worse, since when he see a colour it may be yellow, or red, or green...)

My family feared that I would be colour blind too (I DO confuse some colours, mostly blue and black and dark blue with dark green... but it is not colour blindness it seems), so we researched a lot...

Basically, 7% of the US population (seemly worldwide is 10% among caucasians and maybe asians... I have no data for black people) is colour blind in varying degrees but of the same type of my cousin (ie: see both red and green as yellow)

So, the solution is basically don't use red, green and yellow as important gameplay elements...

I for example made my current game based on colors, but you can still understand the game if you only see the difference between red and blue, and the majority of the population can see the difference between those two colours (they are on the opposite sides of the spectrum and have mostly no overlap in our "sensors", even if the person have only a single colour sensor in his retina, he will see one of these two colours and see the other as yellow or gray, but unless you have some bizarre brain problem, it is impossible to see red as blue, or blue as red)

A BAAAAD example is Bioshock 2, it has a minigame where the background is yellow, and you have to stop a pointer above either red or green... If you use some filters that simulate colour blindness you will see that almost all types colour blindness result in this minigame breaking, or the green and red become hard to distinguish, or one of the two colours blend in the yellow background, the only people that can play this minigame properly while having colour blindness are those that don't see the blue colour...

The obvious answer is don't make any gameplay that relies on the ability to differentiate colours - e.g. in a match-3 game, make sure each colour of jewel also has a different shape.

In addition to using additional differentiating features beyond color (such as shape or text), using a different amount of color saturation in different colors will make them look different, even if the colors themselves appear the same.

You can use this palette from the article Color Universal Design (CUD) - How to make figures and presentations that are friendly to Colorblind people - by Masataka Okabe and Kei Ito.

Another option is to make the colors used by your game configurable in the options menu. That way everyone can figure out a set of colors which works for them.

The most common form of colorblindness you have to deal with is red/green. It effects ~7% of the male population in the US, not sure how well that holds up globally, as it's slightly more prevalent in Caucasians. The only other common form is also green oriented. The others are forms are often found in less than 1% of the population.

Unfortunately Red/Green are used pretty commonly to designate stop/go and bad/good culturally, at least in the US. The three best options as have been mentioned are to include shape differences as well as color, use different values/saturations, and most commonly avoid green as an identifier when possible. Hence the reason good guys & bad guys are often designated as Red vs. Blue in games.

All the information you need is here, together with examples:

http://gameaccessibilityguidelines.com/ensure-no-essential-information-is-conveyed-by-a-colour-alone

First port of call is to avoid relying on colour alone. Then test using a simulator for the most common types to pick up on contrast issues, e.g. red on black. If you're still unavoidably using colour, e.g team colors that need instant recognition, allow the colours of the relevant elements to be customised. Ideally free choice + presets for the most common types.

Colororacle.org has the most accurate simulator currently available.

Common mistakes to avoid -

1. Assuming CBness is about 'red-green' (which doesn't exist, it's two similar but separate things - red deficiency and green deficiency) or deuteranopia/protanopia/tritanopia, there are other and sometimes unique types, even different type in each eye, or whole ranges of colours swapped around.

2. Filters, the idea of a simple universal effect that will fix it all for you is a seductive one, but it isn't effective.

3. Validating with real people. This can't be done as CBness is so varied, and on top of that many people don't know what type or what severity they actually have. Instead, use simulators for validation, and real people as a way to pick up on extra issues you may have missed.

Again this is just a summary, the full info is at the above link.