Existe-t-il un équivalent asynchrone de Process.Start?

Comme le titre l'indique, y a-t-il un équivalent à Process.Start(vous permet d'exécuter une autre application ou un autre fichier batch) que je peux attendre?

Je joue avec une petite application console et cela semblait être l'endroit idéal pour utiliser async et attendre, mais je ne trouve aucune documentation pour ce scénario.

Ce que je pense, c'est quelque chose du genre:

void async RunCommand()
{
    var result = await Process.RunAsync("command to run");
}

Process.Start()ne fait que démarrer le processus, il n'attend pas qu'il se termine, donc cela n'a pas beaucoup de sens de le faire async. Si vous voulez toujours le faire, vous pouvez faire quelque chose comme await Task.Run(() => Process.Start(fileName)).

Mais, si vous souhaitez attendre de manière asynchrone la fin du processus, vous pouvez utiliser l' Exitedévénement avec TaskCompletionSource:

static Task<int> RunProcessAsync(string fileName)
{
    var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<int>();

    var process = new Process
    {
        StartInfo = { FileName = fileName },
        EnableRaisingEvents = true
    };

    process.Exited += (sender, args) =>
    {
        tcs.SetResult(process.ExitCode);
        process.Dispose();
    };

    process.Start();

    return tcs.Task;
}

Voici mon avis, basé sur la réponse de svick . Il ajoute la redirection de sortie, la rétention du code de sortie et une gestion des erreurs légèrement meilleure (en supprimant l' Processobjet même s'il n'a pas pu être démarré):

public static async Task<int> RunProcessAsync(string fileName, string args)
{
    using (var process = new Process
    {
        StartInfo =
        {
            FileName = fileName, Arguments = args,
            UseShellExecute = false, CreateNoWindow = true,
            RedirectStandardOutput = true, RedirectStandardError = true
        },
        EnableRaisingEvents = true
    })
    {
        return await RunProcessAsync(process).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
}    
private static Task<int> RunProcessAsync(Process process)
{
    var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<int>();

    process.Exited += (s, ea) => tcs.SetResult(process.ExitCode);
    process.OutputDataReceived += (s, ea) => Console.WriteLine(ea.Data);
    process.ErrorDataReceived += (s, ea) => Console.WriteLine("ERR: " + ea.Data);

    bool started = process.Start();
    if (!started)
    {
        //you may allow for the process to be re-used (started = false) 
        //but I'm not sure about the guarantees of the Exited event in such a case
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Could not start process: " + process);
    }

    process.BeginOutputReadLine();
    process.BeginErrorReadLine();

    return tcs.Task;
}

Voici une autre approche. Concept similaire aux réponses de svick et Ohad mais en utilisant une méthode d'extension sur leProcess type.

Méthode d'extension:

public static Task RunAsync(this Process process)
{
    var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
    process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
    process.Exited += (s, e) => tcs.TrySetResult(null);
    // not sure on best way to handle false being returned
    if (!process.Start()) tcs.SetException(new Exception("Failed to start process."));
    return tcs.Task;
}

Exemple de cas d'utilisation dans une méthode contenant:

public async Task ExecuteAsync(string executablePath)
{
    using (var process = new Process())
    {
        // configure process
        process.StartInfo.FileName = executablePath;
        process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
        process.StartInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
        // run process asynchronously
        await process.RunAsync();
        // do stuff with results
        Console.WriteLine($"Process finished running at {process.ExitTime} with exit code {process.ExitCode}");
    };// dispose process
}

J'ai construit une classe pour démarrer un processus et elle s'est développée au cours des dernières années en raison de diverses exigences. Pendant l'utilisation, j'ai découvert plusieurs problèmes avec la classe Process avec l'élimination et même la lecture de l'ExitCode. Donc, tout est réglé par ma classe.

La classe a plusieurs possibilités, par exemple lire la sortie, démarrer en tant qu'administrateur ou utilisateur différent, attraper des exceptions et également démarrer tout cela incl. Asynchrone. Annulation. Bien, la lecture de la sortie est également possible pendant l'exécution.

public class ProcessSettings
{
    public string FileName { get; set; }
    public string Arguments { get; set; } = "";
    public string WorkingDirectory { get; set; } = "";
    public string InputText { get; set; } = null;
    public int Timeout_milliseconds { get; set; } = -1;
    public bool ReadOutput { get; set; }
    public bool ShowWindow { get; set; }
    public bool KeepWindowOpen { get; set; }
    public bool StartAsAdministrator { get; set; }
    public string StartAsUsername { get; set; }
    public string StartAsUsername_Password { get; set; }
    public string StartAsUsername_Domain { get; set; }
    public bool DontReadExitCode { get; set; }
    public bool ThrowExceptions { get; set; }
    public CancellationToken CancellationToken { get; set; }
}

public class ProcessOutputReader   // Optional, to get the output while executing instead only as result at the end
{
    public event TextEventHandler OutputChanged;
    public event TextEventHandler OutputErrorChanged;
    public void UpdateOutput(string text)
    {
        OutputChanged?.Invoke(this, new TextEventArgs(text));
    }
    public void UpdateOutputError(string text)
    {
        OutputErrorChanged?.Invoke(this, new TextEventArgs(text));
    }
    public delegate void TextEventHandler(object sender, TextEventArgs e);
    public class TextEventArgs : EventArgs
    {
        public string Text { get; }
        public TextEventArgs(string text) { Text = text; }
    }
}

public class ProcessResult
{
    public string Output { get; set; }
    public string OutputError { get; set; }
    public int ExitCode { get; set; }
    public bool WasCancelled { get; set; }
    public bool WasSuccessful { get; set; }
}

public class ProcessStarter
{
    public ProcessResult Execute(ProcessSettings settings, ProcessOutputReader outputReader = null)
    {
        return Task.Run(() => ExecuteAsync(settings, outputReader)).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
    }

    public async Task<ProcessResult> ExecuteAsync(ProcessSettings settings, ProcessOutputReader outputReader = null)
    {
        if (settings.FileName == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ProcessSettings.FileName));
        if (settings.Arguments == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ProcessSettings.Arguments));

        var cmdSwitches = "/Q " + (settings.KeepWindowOpen ? "/K" : "/C");

        var arguments = $"{cmdSwitches} {settings.FileName} {settings.Arguments}";
        var startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd", arguments)
        {
            UseShellExecute = false,
            RedirectStandardOutput = settings.ReadOutput,
            RedirectStandardError = settings.ReadOutput,
            RedirectStandardInput = settings.InputText != null,
            CreateNoWindow = !(settings.ShowWindow || settings.KeepWindowOpen),
        };
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(settings.StartAsUsername))
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(settings.StartAsUsername_Password))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ProcessSettings.StartAsUsername_Password));
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(settings.StartAsUsername_Domain))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(ProcessSettings.StartAsUsername_Domain));
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(settings.WorkingDirectory))
                settings.WorkingDirectory = Path.GetPathRoot(Path.GetTempPath());

            startInfo.UserName = settings.StartAsUsername;
            startInfo.PasswordInClearText = settings.StartAsUsername_Password;
            startInfo.Domain = settings.StartAsUsername_Domain;
        }
        var output = new StringBuilder();
        var error = new StringBuilder();
        if (!settings.ReadOutput)
        {
            output.AppendLine($"Enable {nameof(ProcessSettings.ReadOutput)} to get Output");
        }
        if (settings.StartAsAdministrator)
        {
            startInfo.Verb = "runas";
            startInfo.UseShellExecute = true;  // Verb="runas" only possible with ShellExecute=true.
            startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = startInfo.RedirectStandardError = startInfo.RedirectStandardInput = false;
            output.AppendLine("Output couldn't be read when started as Administrator");
        }
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(settings.WorkingDirectory))
        {
            startInfo.WorkingDirectory = settings.WorkingDirectory;
        }
        var result = new ProcessResult();
        var taskCompletionSourceProcess = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();

        var process = new Process { StartInfo = startInfo, EnableRaisingEvents = true };
        try
        {
            process.OutputDataReceived += (sender, e) =>
            {
                if (e?.Data != null)
                {
                    output.AppendLine(e.Data);
                    outputReader?.UpdateOutput(e.Data);
                }
            };
            process.ErrorDataReceived += (sender, e) =>
            {
                if (e?.Data != null)
                {
                    error.AppendLine(e.Data);
                    outputReader?.UpdateOutputError(e.Data);
                }
            };
            process.Exited += (sender, e) =>
            {
                try { (sender as Process)?.WaitForExit(); } catch (InvalidOperationException) { }
                taskCompletionSourceProcess.TrySetResult(false);
            };

            var success = false;
            try
            {
                process.Start();
                success = true;
            }
            catch (System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception ex)
            {
                if (ex.NativeErrorCode == 1223)
                {
                    error.AppendLine("AdminRights request Cancelled by User!! " + ex);
                    if (settings.ThrowExceptions) taskCompletionSourceProcess.SetException(ex); else taskCompletionSourceProcess.TrySetResult(false);
                }
                else
                {
                    error.AppendLine("Win32Exception thrown: " + ex);
                    if (settings.ThrowExceptions) taskCompletionSourceProcess.SetException(ex); else taskCompletionSourceProcess.TrySetResult(false);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                error.AppendLine("Exception thrown: " + ex);
                if (settings.ThrowExceptions) taskCompletionSourceProcess.SetException(ex); else taskCompletionSourceProcess.TrySetResult(false);
            }
            if (success && startInfo.RedirectStandardOutput)
                process.BeginOutputReadLine();
            if (success && startInfo.RedirectStandardError)
                process.BeginErrorReadLine();
            if (success && startInfo.RedirectStandardInput)
            {
                var writeInputTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => WriteInputTask());
            }

            async void WriteInputTask()
            {
                var processRunning = true;
                await Task.Delay(50).ConfigureAwait(false);
                try { processRunning = !process.HasExited; } catch { }
                while (processRunning)
                {
                    if (settings.InputText != null)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            await process.StandardInput.WriteLineAsync(settings.InputText).ConfigureAwait(false);
                            await process.StandardInput.FlushAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
                            settings.InputText = null;
                        }
                        catch { }
                    }
                    await Task.Delay(5).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    try { processRunning = !process.HasExited; } catch { processRunning = false; }
                }
            }

            if (success && settings.CancellationToken != default(CancellationToken))
                settings.CancellationToken.Register(() => taskCompletionSourceProcess.TrySetResult(true));
            if (success && settings.Timeout_milliseconds > 0)
                new CancellationTokenSource(settings.Timeout_milliseconds).Token.Register(() => taskCompletionSourceProcess.TrySetResult(true));

            var taskProcess = taskCompletionSourceProcess.Task;
            await taskProcess.ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (taskProcess.Result == true) // process was cancelled by token or timeout
            {
                if (!process.HasExited)
                {
                    result.WasCancelled = true;
                    error.AppendLine("Process was cancelled!");
                    try
                    {
                        process.CloseMainWindow();
                        await Task.Delay(30).ConfigureAwait(false);
                        if (!process.HasExited)
                        {
                            process.Kill();
                        }
                    }
                    catch { }
                }
            }
            result.ExitCode = -1;
            if (!settings.DontReadExitCode)     // Reason: sometimes, like when timeout /t 30 is started, reading the ExitCode is only possible if the timeout expired, even if process.Kill was called before.
            {
                try { result.ExitCode = process.ExitCode; }
                catch { output.AppendLine("Reading ExitCode failed."); }
            }
            process.Close();
        }
        finally { var disposeTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => process.Dispose()); }    // start in new Task because disposing sometimes waits until the process is finished, for example while executing following command: ping -n 30 -w 1000 127.0.0.1 > nul
        if (result.ExitCode == -1073741510 && !result.WasCancelled)
        {
            error.AppendLine($"Process exited by user!");
        }
        result.WasSuccessful = !result.WasCancelled && result.ExitCode == 0;
        result.Output = output.ToString();
        result.OutputError = error.ToString();
        return result;
    }
}

Je pense que tout ce que vous devriez utiliser est ceci:

using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Extensions
{
    public static class ProcessExtensions
    {
        public static async Task<int> WaitForExitAsync(this Process process, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
        {
            process = process ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(process));
            process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

            var completionSource = new TaskCompletionSource<int>();

            process.Exited += (sender, args) =>
            {
                completionSource.TrySetResult(process.ExitCode);
            };
            if (process.HasExited)
            {
                return process.ExitCode;
            }

            using var registration = cancellationToken.Register(
                () => completionSource.TrySetCanceled(cancellationToken));

            return await completionSource.Task.ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
    }
}

Exemple d'utilisation:

public static async Task<int> StartProcessAsync(ProcessStartInfo info, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
    path = path ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path));
    if (!File.Exists(path))
    {
        throw new ArgumentException(@"File is not exists", nameof(path));
    }

    using var process = Process.Start(info);
    if (process == null)
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Process is null");
    }

    try
    {
        return await process.WaitForExitAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
    }
    catch (OperationCanceledException)
    {
        process.Kill();

        throw;
    }
}

Je suis vraiment inquiet pour l'élimination du processus, qu'en est-il d'attendre la sortie asynchrone ?, voici ma proposition (basée sur la précédente):

public static class ProcessExtensions
{
    public static Task WaitForExitAsync(this Process process)
    {
        var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
        process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
        process.Exited += (s, e) => tcs.TrySetResult(null);
        return process.HasExited ? Task.CompletedTask : tcs.Task;
    }        
}

Ensuite, utilisez-le comme ceci:

public static async Task<int> ExecAsync(string command, string args)
{
    ProcessStartInfo psi = new ProcessStartInfo();
    psi.FileName = command;
    psi.Arguments = args;

    using (Process proc = Process.Start(psi))
    {
        await proc.WaitForExitAsync();
        return proc.ExitCode;
    }
}