C'est le NOT NULL
:
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE `myTab` (`notnul` FLOAT, `nul` FLOAT);
INSERT INTO `myTab` VALUES (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2), (1, NULL), (1, 2);
SELECT * FROM `myTab`;
donne:
+--------+------+
| notnul | nul |
+--------+------+
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
| 1 | NULL |
| 1 | 2 |
+--------+------+
Créez l'index:
CREATE INDEX `notnul_nul` ON `myTab` (`notnul`, `nul`);
CREATE INDEX `nul_notnul` ON `myTab` (`nul`, `notnul`);
SHOW INDEX FROM `myTab`;
donne:
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| myTab | 1 | notnul_nul | 1 | notnul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| myTab | 1 | notnul_nul | 2 | nul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| myTab | 1 | nul_notnul | 1 | nul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| myTab | 1 | nul_notnul | 2 | notnul | A | 12 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+-------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
expliquer maintenant les sélections. Il semble que MySQL utilise l'index, même si vous utilisez NOT NULL
:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `notnul` IS NOT NULL;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | index | notnul_nul | notnul_nul | 10 | NULL | 12 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `nul` IS NOT NULL;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | range | nul_notnul | nul_notnul | 5 | NULL | 6 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
Mais, en comparant NOT NULL
et NULL
, il semble que MySQL préfère d'autres index lors de l'utilisation NOT NULL
. Bien que cela n'ajoute évidemment aucune information. C'est parce que MySQL interprète NOT NULL
comme une plage comme vous pouvez le voir dans la colonne type. Je ne suis pas sûr S'il y a une solution:
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `nul` IS NULL && notnul=2;
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | ref | notnul_nul,nul_notnul | notnul_nul | 10 | const,const | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------+-----------------------+------------+---------+-------------+------+--------------------------+
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM `myTab` WHERE `nul` IS NOT NULL && notnul=2;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | myTab | range | notnul_nul,nul_notnul | notnul_nul | 10 | NULL | 1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+-----------------------+------------+---------+------+------+--------------------------+
Je pense qu'il pourrait y avoir une meilleure implémentation dans MySQL, car NULL
c'est une valeur spéciale. La plupart des gens sont probablement intéressés par les NOT NULL
valeurs.
NOT NULL
colonnes.