python
def percentage_error(actual, predicted):
res = np.empty(actual.shape)
for j in range(actual.shape[0]):
if actual[j] != 0:
res[j] = (actual[j] - predicted[j]) / actual[j]
else:
res[j] = predicted[j] / np.mean(actual)
return res
def mean_absolute_percentage_error(y_true, y_pred):
return np.mean(np.abs(percentage_error(np.asarray(y_true), np.asarray(y_pred)))) * 100
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